Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission, the National Energy Administration, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and the Ministry of Environmental Protection jointly issued the “Notice on Printing and Distributing the Cogeneration Regulations for Thermal Power Generation†(Development and Reform Energy [2016] No. 617) (below Referred to as "measures"). The “Measures†has made several regulations for the development of cogeneration from aspects of planning and construction, unit selection, network source coordination, environmental protection, policy measures, supervision and management, etc., to promote air pollution prevention, improve energy efficiency, and promote the thermoelectric industry. Healthy development has important guiding significance and role.
Development status and problems of cogeneration
At present, heat supply in cities and industrial parks in China has basically formed “heat supply based on coal-fired combined heat and power generation and centralized heating of large boiler rooms, supplemented by decentralized coal-fired boilers and other clean (or renewable) energy heating.†pattern. With the economic development of cities and industrial parks, the demand for heat is increasing, and the central heat supply for cogeneration is developing steadily. The total installed capacity continues to grow. As of the end of 2014, the capacity of cogeneration units in the installed capacity of thermal power reached approximately 30%. Both capacity and growth rate are at the leading level in the world.
The combined heat and power combined heating has the advantages of high energy utilization efficiency, energy saving and environmental protection, etc. It is one of the main heat sources and heating methods for solving the central heating in cities and industrial parks. It is an unreasonable solution to the existence of heat sources in cities and industrial parks in China. Concerning the contradiction between supply and demand of thermoelectricity, one of the main ways to solve the problems of low energy consumption and high energy efficiency of heating sources. However, the current development of cogeneration in China is also facing severe challenges: First, the average heating energy consumption is high, pollution is heavy, and the share of heat and power generation in various heat sources is low, and the heating capacity of thermal power units is not fully utilized. Second, the lack of electricity growth, the continuous increase in demand for heat, the development of large-scale pumping condensate heat and power is limited. Third, the large proportion of large-scale pumping condensation heat and electricity, affecting the safety of power supply and heating, is not conducive to clean energy consumption and further improve the urban environment. Fourth, the proportion of thermoelectric power with back pressure is low, and the operating efficiency is poor. The enthusiasm of enterprises for investment is not high.
Plan to build a cogeneration project to adhere to what principles
The Measures are applicable to the planning and construction and related supervision and management of cogeneration projects (including self-provided cogeneration projects for enterprises) across the country. They apply to: cities and industrial parks throughout the country; mainly heating and heating loads Heating type cogeneration units, industrial heat and power cogeneration units based on industrial heat loads; public thermal power plants and self-provided thermal power plants.
Planning and construction of cogeneration projects should follow the following main principles:
The first is that the development of cogeneration should follow the basic principles of “unified planning, thermal power generation, stock-based storage, structural optimization, energy efficiency improvement, and environmental protection priorityâ€.
Second, the planning and construction of cogeneration projects should be based on central heating, with co-production planning as a necessary condition, prioritizing the use of existing heat sources and maximizing their heating capacity as the premise, and coordinating the coordination of cities or industrial parks. The overall planning, heat supply planning, environmental management planning and power planning, etc. shall comprehensively consider the electricity, heat demand and local climate, resources, and environmental conditions, and determine scientifically and reasonably the heat load and heating methods.
The cogeneration plan is the basic and necessary condition for the planning and construction of cogeneration projects (especially pumping units), and should be coordinated with the special plans for electricity and heating development. The capacity of planning and construction of coal-fired back pressure cogeneration units is not limited by the total coal-fired power plant's total control targets, it does not participate in market competition, and the amount of electricity generated is given priority access to the grid. The design heat load can also be based on the special plan for heating development. .
The third is to give full play to the advantage of combined heat and power production and environmental protection, and fully exploit the maximum heating capacity and comprehensive utilization efficiency of thermal power units. For this reason, the “Measures†further clarified that heating-type cogeneration units should be coordinated with the heating boilers for coordinated planning and networking. The cogeneration units should assume the basic heat load, the peak load boilers should assume the peak heat load, and the peak load boilers should be reasonably controlled. time.
Fourth, the selection of cogeneration units should meet the principle of “minimum installed capacity to meet heating demandâ€. Priority should be given to the use of back-pressure thermal power units to strictly control the planning and construction of large-scale coal-fired power plants.
At present, China (especially the “Three-North Heating Areaâ€) large-scale pumping-condensing thermal power units or heat-conserving pure condensing power generating units account for an excessively high proportion. During the heating period, there are system peak pressures and the system's regenerable energy absorption capacity. Poor issues. For this reason, the "Measures" further clarified that the coal-fired pumping and cogeneration projects should be approved in the national construction plan based on the total volume control plan; a new 300,000 kilowatts or more coal-fired pumping and cogeneration unit should be planned. Meet the constraints in power space, heating load, heating-to-heat-to-heat ratio, and incorporating power construction planning.
For areas where the system is difficult to adjust peaks, the heating reform of the existing condensing unit is strictly controlled. In addition, the cogeneration unit should be installed in accordance with the relevant national requirements for heat storage devices to improve the capacity of the unit and the system's peak shaving.
Fifth, the planning and construction of cogeneration projects should be promoted in parallel with the treatment of coal-fired boilers and the replacement and shutdown of outdated thermal power units. For this reason, the "Measures" specify: Accelerate the alternative shutdown of coal-fired boilers and small thermal power units. For coal-fired boilers (excluding peak-peak boilers) within the area covered by cogeneration heating and heating networks, shut down or dismantle them in principle. The coal-fired heating boilers should comprehensively improve the level of pollution control through the implementation of technological transformation to ensure the stable discharge of pollutants. Encourage the speeding up of reforms such as the conversion of coal to gas, coal to electricity, coal to biomass, and coal to new energy. Coal-fired boilers should be equipped with on-line monitoring devices for atmospheric pollutant emissions, and so on.
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