Surge irrigation systems are typically controlled by surge valves, automatic controllers, and water pipelines, with control valves and self-control being the core components. Surge control valves have already been commercialized abroad, and in recent years, several sets of such equipment have been introduced into China. However, due to high costs and limited availability, they are mainly used for experimental research. Considering the growing need for water-saving irrigation and automation, developing suitable surge irrigation equipment is essential. In line with the national "Ninth Five-Year" scientific and technological project, after several years of effort, a surge irrigation control valve and an automatic controller were developed, achieving promising initial results.
**1. Composition of Surge Irrigation Equipment**
**1.1 Surge Irrigation Control Valve**
To meet the needs of automated irrigation, the surge control valve uses a bidirectional switch structure to regulate water flow direction and intermittently control the irrigation process based on signals from the self-control unit. This ensures that irrigation can be quickly and automatically shut off when finished, preventing over-irrigation. The valve is made of ferrous material and includes a body, valve, and gear reducer. The valve body is similar to a tee, connecting to the water source at one end and the outlet at the other. The circular gate has a sealing gasket and is rotated via a shaft connected to a gearbox. The gearboxes are fixed on both sides of the valve body and are linked to the gate through a central axis. The valve also includes a transmission mechanism, motor drive, positioning system, and a two-stage reducer to lower the motor speed from 3000 rpm to about 10 rpm, ensuring safe operation and preventing overload.
**1.2 Automatic Controller**
The controller serves as the central control unit of the surge irrigation system. It consists of a circuit board and software, accepting manual input parameters and issuing commands to open or close the surge valve. Gate positions are determined using photocells, which send signals to the main control section. The controller includes a microcontroller (89C51), keyboard, display, motor control section, position sensing, power supply, and function selection. The microcontroller manages time settings, irrigation cycles, and valve operations. The power section uses a solar panel, battery, and voltage regulator to ensure continuous operation. The controller allows users to select between single or dual valve operation, making it flexible and user-friendly.
**1.3 Connection Between Control Valve and Self-Control System**
To ensure ease of use and prevent misuse, the controller and surge valve interface follow industrial standards. A simple plug-and-cable connection makes operation straightforward and secure.
**2. Performance and Features of the Equipment**
The developed surge irrigation equipment offers reliable performance under various conditions. Under dual-valve operation, the maximum flow rate and controllable area are calculated using specific formulas involving pipe diameter, pressure head, and flow coefficients. Field tests showed that the system works efficiently, with accurate flow switching and good water gate performance. The device operates on 6V, with a current of 2.5A, and can perform up to 1,920 cycles per charge. The solar panel provides sufficient energy for daily operations, though optimal placement in sunlight is recommended.
**3. Field Trials and Assessment**
Preliminary field trials were conducted in winter wheat irrigation areas in 1998. The equipment performed well, meeting design specifications and demonstrating strong practicality. In well irrigation areas, it was found to be highly applicable, as existing low-pressure outlets could easily connect to the surge valve. However, in canal irrigation areas, the system’s performance depends on the water head and pipeline length, requiring careful planning to avoid excessive losses.
**4. Conclusion**
Developing surge irrigation equipment tailored to local conditions is crucial for large-scale adoption of this water-saving technique. The newly developed system has proven effective in field tests and offers versatility and ease of use. Future improvements will focus on reducing weight, enhancing durability, and expanding compatibility with different irrigation systems. With continued development and production, surge irrigation technology is expected to play a significant role in China's water-saving irrigation efforts.
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