Titanium Grade 2
Industries and Applications
Grade 2 titanium is known for its lightweight properties and is particularly well-suited for heavy-duty applications. It plays a critical role in industries like medicine and aerospace due to its exceptional strength and corrosion resistance. This grade is also extensively used in marine environments, chemical processing plants, and desalination facilities. Common applications include oil and gas equipment, pressure vessels, piping systems, heat exchangers, linings, flue gas desulfurization systems, and various other industrial components. It can operate continuously at temperatures up to 800°F and occasionally up to 1000°F.
Preservation and Corrosion Resistance
The corrosion resistance of Grade 2 titanium stems from the creation of a robust, adherent oxide film when exposed to oxygen. This layer allows Grade 2 titanium to withstand a wide range of environments, including oxidizing, neutral, mildly reducing, and some reducing conditions. It exhibits excellent resistance to seawater and marine atmospheres, with comparable corrosion performance across all commercially pure grades. However, variations in mechanical properties occur due to differences in oxygen and iron content. Grade 2 titanium is resistant to moist chlorides, metallic chlorides, chlorite, hypochlorite solutions, nitric acid, chromic acid, organic acids, and numerous gaseous industrial applications.
Manufacturing and Heat Treatment
Grade 2 titanium is highly ductile and can be easily cold-formed. To avoid issues during cold forming, materials thinner than 0.070 inches should have a minimum bend radius of 2T, whereas thicker materials should use a 2.5T radius. It is also straightforward to machine, heat treat, and weld. Hot working should take place between 400°F and 600°F. Stress relief can be achieved by heating to temperatures between 900°F and 1100°F, followed by rapid cooling or slow cooling. Annealing temperatures typically range from 1200°F to 1400°F for durations of 6 minutes to 2 hours, with subsequent air cooling.
Welding Grade 2 titanium can be done using several methods, including MIG and TIG welding. Inert gas shielding is crucial to prevent the weld area from absorbing oxygen, which could lead to brittleness. A mixture of argon and helium is often recommended, but it's important to test this before proceeding. Neither preheating nor post-weld heat treatment is necessary.
Chemical Composition
The following table shows the chemical composition of Grade 2 titanium:
| Weight % | Ti | C | Fe | N | O | H |
|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|
| Grade 2 | Bal. | ≤ 0.08 | ≤ 0.30 | ≤ 0.05 | ≤ 0.020 | ≤ 0.015 |
Mechanical Properties
The mechanical properties of Grade 2 titanium are outlined below:
| Material | Tensile Strength min (KSI) | Tensile Strength min (MPa) | Yield Strength min (KSI) | Yield Strength min (MPa) | Elongation (%) |
|-------------------------|----------------------------|----------------------------|--------------------------|--------------------------|----------------|
| Titanium CP Grade 2 | 50 | 345 | 40-65 | 276-448 | 20 |
Availability
Titanium Grade 2 is available in a variety of forms, including bar, billet, extrusion, plate, sheet, strip, wire, pipe, tube, rings, and forgings.
Forgings Specifications:
- Ring Size Capability: OD ≤ 1300mm, Height ≤ 250mm
- Disc Size Capability: OD ≤ 1100mm, Height ≤ 40mm
Most of the applications of this grade are found in chemical industries, where it is commonly used in reactor autoclaves, piping and fittings, valves, heat exchangers, and condensers.
Standards:
- ASTM B265 Gr2 - Sheet, plate
- ASTM B338 Gr2 - Heat exchange tube
- ASTM B348 Gr2 - Bar
- ASTM B381 Gr2 - Forgings
- ASTM F467 Gr2 - Nuts
- ASTM F468 Gr2 - Bolts
This versatile alloy continues to play a vital role in modern engineering due to its unique combination of properties, making it indispensable in a variety of industries.
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