Based on recent survey results, air source heat pump water heaters have seen rapid development in Nanjing, and most engineering heat pump air conditioning systems are still able to meet the required cooling and heating needs. Below are some insights into a few typical projects.
The Yangtze River Trade Building is a modern office complex designed in 1991 and completed in 1994. It covers approximately 35,000 square meters and has a total height of 95 meters, with 23 floors above ground. The building features a full glass curtain wall as its exterior structure. Six American AWHC-200 heat pump units were selected for this project, with an installed capacity of 3,672 kW (1,044 RT). The cooling load per unit area is around 105 W/m², while the heating capacity is 3,750 kW, corresponding to a thermal load of 107 W/m². These heat pump units are installed on the roof of the main building. The system includes eight pumps, each with a flow rate of 200 m³/h and a head of 32 mH₂O. The heat pumps and pumps are connected in parallel first and then in series. The hot water pipes from the heat pumps are directly connected to the sub-distribution system, while the pumps are placed indoors.
To minimize vibration, the heat pump units are equipped with spring shock absorbers, and the pumps also use vibration damping bases. The air conditioning system at the end is designed with variable water flow, while the host machine operates with fixed water control. According to on-site surveys and measurements, building staff report high satisfaction with the air conditioning system. In summer, when the suction temperature reaches 40°C (due to local exhaust short-circuiting), the system's outlet water temperature is 7.58°C, and the return temperature is 12°C, with a difference of 4.42°C. With five heat pump units running and three pumps operating, the indoor temperature generally meets the design requirement of 26°C. During winter in 1999, heavy snowfall caused fluctuations in the system's supply water temperature between 39°C and 40°C. In a south-facing room, the indoor temperature was maintained at 23°C. During severe weather, the defrost cycle lasted 5 minutes with an interval of 30 minutes. On some mornings, the system could not start normally, but after adjusting the cooling and defrost conditions, it successfully entered heating mode.
The heat pump units are located on the open roof of the main building, ensuring good ventilation. However, due to the high parapet walls, some units experienced airflow short-circuiting, which became more noticeable in winter, especially during defrosting when foggy airflow paths were visible. The noise level of a standard 200RT heat pump unit from York is about 82 dB(A). However, due to proper placement, civil engineering treatments, and effective vibration reduction measures—such as separating the heat pumps from the evacuation stairs by a pump room and maintaining a horizontal distance—the impact on the building’s noise levels was minimal. Noise levels measured in the hall floor near the heat pumps were around 45 dB(A), and in nearby offices, they were also about 45 dB(A). Ceiling noise levels reached approximately 50 dB(A). These comprehensive vibration and sound insulation measures proved highly effective in reducing noise disturbance.
A foreign trade company's office building, covering about 27,000 square meters and standing 90 meters tall, was completed in January 1996. The building features a semi-glass curtain wall structure. Four American York AWHC-200 heat pump units were chosen, with a total rated cooling capacity of 2,448 kW and a heating capacity of 2,500 kW. This corresponds to a cooling load of 91 W/m² and a heating load of 93 W/m² under standard conditions (7°C water temperature, 45°C supply temperature). The heat pumps are located on the top of the tower, where the roof has a triangular opening with a Venetian blind. The system includes five IS125-100-400 pumps, each with a flow rate of 100 m³/h, a head of 50 mH₂O, and a motor power of 30 kW. Four pumps are available, and they are connected in parallel first before being connected in parallel with the heat pump group.
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