The energy-saving and emission reduction challenges faced by the petroleum and chemical industry remain significant. As one of the most energy-intensive sectors, this industry has long struggled with high energy consumption per unit of GDP, which continues to be much higher than global benchmarks. Economic growth has been slow, and energy demand has kept rising. Energy costs now make up a substantial portion of production expenses—ranging from 20% to 30% for general products and as high as 60% to 70% for energy-intensive ones. In particular, industries such as nitrogen fertilizer, soda ash, caustic soda, calcium carbide, and yellow phosphorus account for nearly 60% of the sector's total energy use. In 2006, 340 oil and chemical companies participated in the national energy-saving initiative involving over 1,000 enterprises.
Moreover, the petroleum and chemical industry is also one of the major contributors to pollution. According to statistics, it ranks among the top five industries in terms of wastewater discharge, waste gas emissions, and solid waste generation. In 2006, the State Environmental Protection Administration listed 3,592 key air pollution sources and 3,115 water pollution sources, with 482 and 803 of these being related to the petroleum and chemical industry, respectively. This accounts for 13.4% and 25.8% of all monitored pollution sources nationwide.
Another critical issue is the lack of advanced and reliable energy-saving and environmental protection technologies within the industry. Many companies still rely on outdated production processes, leading to excessive energy use, resource waste, and severe pollution. Certain pollutants from sectors like dyes, pesticides, and fine chemicals are difficult to manage effectively, which hinders progress in energy conservation and emission reduction efforts.
To meet national goals, the petroleum and chemical industry aims to achieve a more balanced structure by 2010, with a reduced share of high-energy-consuming industries. The goal includes improving environmental conditions, enhancing economic quality, and moving toward a circular economy. Specifically, energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of industrial added value should drop by 15% to 20% compared to 2005 levels, and water consumption per unit of added value should decrease by 30%. Industrial water reuse rates should reach 90%, and the comprehensive utilization rate of solid waste should hit 70%. Meanwhile, the total discharge of major pollutants should fall by 10%.
Despite these targets, the path to achieving them remains challenging. The task is urgent, and the situation is dire. To succeed, the industry must accelerate three key transformations: first, shift from prioritizing economic growth at the expense of the environment to integrating environmental protection as a core driver of economic development; second, align environmental protection with economic growth, avoiding the accumulation of new pollution while addressing old issues; and third, move from relying solely on administrative measures to using a combination of legal, economic, technological, and necessary administrative tools to solve environmental problems. By following economic and natural laws, the industry can enhance its environmental protection efforts and move toward sustainable development.
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