The energy-saving and emission reduction challenges faced by the petroleum and chemical industry remain significant. As one of the most energy-intensive sectors, this industry has long struggled with high energy consumption per unit of GDP, far exceeding global benchmarks. The traditional growth model has been slow to change, leading to rising energy demand. Energy costs make up a substantial portion of production expenses—ranging from 20% to 30% for general products and as high as 60% to 70% for energy-intensive ones. Notably, the five key energy-consuming industries—nitrogen fertilizer, soda ash, caustic soda, calcium carbide, and yellow phosphorus—account for about 60% of the sector’s total energy use.
In addition to high energy consumption, the industry is also a major source of pollution. According to data, the petroleum and chemical sector ranks among the top in terms of wastewater discharge, waste gas emissions, and solid waste generation. In 2006, the State Environmental Protection Administration identified thousands of key pollution sources, including 3,592 waste gas and 3,115 wastewater sources. Among them, 482 waste gas and 803 wastewater sources were linked to the petroleum and chemical industry, representing 13.4% and 25.8% of all monitored enterprises, respectively.
Another critical issue is the lack of mature and reliable energy-saving and environmental technologies. Many companies still rely on outdated production methods, which result in excessive resource use and severe pollution. Certain industries, such as dyes, pesticides, and fine chemicals, face challenges in managing pollutants effectively, further hindering progress in energy conservation and emission control.
To meet national energy-saving and emission-reduction targets, the industry set clear goals by 2010: improving industrial structure, reducing the share of high-energy sectors, enhancing environmental conditions, and promoting sustainable development. Specific targets included reducing energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of added value by 15–20%, cutting water use per unit of added value by 30%, increasing industrial water reuse to 90%, and raising the comprehensive utilization rate of solid waste to 70%. The total discharge of major pollutants was also expected to decrease by 10%.
Despite these goals, the task remains urgent and challenging. To achieve them, the industry must undergo three major transformations: first, shifting from prioritizing economic growth over environmental protection to integrating environmental protection into economic development; second, moving from reactive pollution control to proactive environmental management alongside economic growth; and third, transitioning from reliance on administrative measures to a combination of legal, economic, technological, and regulatory tools. This holistic approach will help align industrial development with environmental sustainability.
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